Sociodemographic, behavioral, obstetric, and healthcare factors associated with low weight at birth: a case-control study

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Understanding social determinants is crucial for implementing preventive strategies, especially for low birth weight (LBW)—a public health issue that severely increases the risk of morbimortality in children. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to identify the factors associated with LBW among newborns, assisted by the Brazilian Unified Health System. DESIGN AND SETTING: It analyzed data from newborns and their mothers. The sample was selected by convenience from users of the public health system in Francisco Beltrão (Paraná, Brazil). METHODS: Cases (n = 26) were babies weighing ≤ 2,500 g and controls (n = 52) > 2,500 g. All babies were assessed and paired by sex and date of birth in a 1:2 proportion. Statistical power was computed a posteriori, revealing a power of 87% (α = 0.05). RESULTS: Strong and significant differences were found in the bivariate analysis, in which the number of current smokers or those who quit during pregnancy was higher among mothers of babies with LBW. Moreover, the gestational weeks were lower among these cases. Logistic regression models indicated that the gestational week (odds ratio [OR] = 0.17, 95% confidence interval [CI]:0.05-0.54) and fathers' educational level (high school or above; OR = 0.22, 95% CI:0.06-0.99) were related to lower chances of low birth weight. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings confirm previous investigations on LBW's multi-causality, showing that the gestational week could reduce up to 82% chances of a baby being born with ≤ 2,500 g. Its association with paternal education underlines the importance of comprehensive policies to protect newborns.

Enfermedad periodontal como factor de riesgo del bajo peso al nacer

Introducción: El bajo peso al nacer constituye una problemática de salud a nivel mundial, existe controversia sobre la asociación de la enfermedad periodontal con los diferentes resultados perinatales adversos. Objetivo: Determinar si la enfermedad periodontal es un factor de riesgo del bajo peso al nacer. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo transversal en gestantes que aportaron recién nacidos vivos con bajo peso pertenecientes al municipio de Pinar del Río, durante el año 2019. El universo lo conformaron 94 gestantes, la muestra no probabilística la integraron 72 que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión definidos por los autores de la investigación. Las variables fueron: edad materna, edad gestacional al nacimiento, factores de riesgo (hipertensión arterial, asma bronquial, anemia, sepsis vaginal, sepsis urinaria, hábito de fumar), ganancia de peso durante la gestación (adecuada, insuficiente, excesiva), valoración nutricional (normopeso, sobrepeso, desnutrida, obesa) y presencia de enfermedad periodontal (gingivitis y periodontitis). Las fuentes empleadas fueron las historias clínicas de las madres y recién nacidos, la estadística fue descriptiva con distribución de frecuencias absolutas y relativas. Resultados: Predominaron las edades maternas entre 20 a 25 años y la edad gestacional entre 33 y 36 semanas, la sepsis vaginal constituyó la principal enfermedad asociada al embarazo, predominó la ganancia inadecuada de peso y el normopeso. Conclusiones: La enfermedad periodontal no se asoció como factor de riesgo de resultados perinatales adversos como el bajo peso al nacer.

Introduction: Low birth weight is a health problem worldwide, there is controversy about the association of periodontal disease with different adverse perinatal outcomes. Objective: To determine if periodontal disease is a risk factor for low birth weight. Methods: An observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out in pregnant women who provided live newborns with low weight belonging to the municipality of Pinar del Río, during 2019. The universe (94) pregnant women and the sample (72) through a non-probabilistic sample at the discretion of the authors, according to inclusion criteria. The variables were: maternal age, gestational age at birth, risk factors (hypertension, bronchial asthma, anemia, vaginal sepsis, urinary sepsis, smoking), weight gain during pregnancy (adequate, insufficient, excessive), evaluation nutritional status (normal weight, overweight, malnourished, obese) and presence of periodontal disease (gingivitis and periodontitis). The sources used were the medical records of the mothers and newborns and the statistics were descriptive with distribution of absolute and relative frequencies. Results: Maternal ages between 20 to 25 (33,3 %) and gestational age between 33 and 36 weeks (47,2 %) predominated, vaginal sepsis was the main disease associated with pregnancy (22,2 %), predominated inadequate weight gain (41,7 %) and normal weight with (59,7 %). Conclusions: Periodontal disease was not associated as a risk factor for adverse perinatal outcomes such as low birth weight.

Clinical factors affecting the early postoperative prognosis of infants suffering surgery for congenital heart diseases: A single-center experience of 511 patients / 中南大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVES@#The integrated model of prenatal diagnosis and postnatal treatment for congenital heart disease (CHD) leads to an increasing number of operation in infants. This study aims to reveal the risk factors for postoperative early mortality and delayed recovery in infants less than 3 months old, who underwent surgical treatment for CHD in the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University during the past 5 years.@*METHODS@#Clinical variables were collected via medical records. Delayed recovery was defined as the time of postoperative intubation, or cardiac intensive cure unit (CICU) stay, or hospital stay longer than its third quartile. Risk factors for early postoperative prognosis and the odds ratio (OR) were analyzed with logistic regression analysis.@*RESULTS@#A total of 511 infants underwent surgical treatment for CHD from January 2016 to June 2020 were retrospectively reviewed, including 217 (42.5%) infants with complex CHD. The median age was 60 days (3 hours-90 days); and median weight was 4.5 (1.7- 8.4 kg). There were 26 postoperative mortalities, making the incidence at 5.1%, including 5 (5/294, 0.7%) mortalities in patients with uncomplicated CHD, and 21 (9.6%) mortalities in patients with complex CHD. Based on multivariable analysis, risk factors for postoperative mortality were diagnosis of complex CHD (OR=5.53, P<0.001), weight under 4.0 kg (OR=9.86, P<0.001), preoperative symptoms (OR=3.17, P=0.012), and emergency operation (OR=11.66, P<0.001). The median time for postoperative intubation, CICU stay, and hospital stay were 21.0 (0.3-979.0) hours, 3.0 (0.5-91.0) days, and 11.5 (3.0-105.0) days, respectively. A total of 177 (34.6%) infants delayed recover, with risk factors including diagnosis of complex CHD (OR=3.41, P=0.001), weight under 4.0 kg (OR=4.55, P<0.001), and preoperative symptoms (OR=3.91, P<0.001).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Surgical treatment for infants (<3 months) with CHD is still a challenge, particularly for infants with complex CHD and weight under 4.0 kg. We can improve the prognosis of CHD treatment in infants by establishing the integrated model of prenatal diagnosis and postnatal treatment to choose the most suitable time window, avoid symptoms before surgery, and reduce emergency operation.

Collection of autologous peripheral hematopoietic stem cells in patients with sequential double transplantation of solid tumors and effect analysis / 中国输血杂志

【Objective】 To explore the methods and safety of autologous peripheral hematopoietic stem cells collection in patients with sequential double transplantation of solid tumors and conduct efficacy analysis. 【Methods】 Peripheral blood stem cells were collected from 27 patients with solid tumors after routine mobilization of rhG-CSF and rhGM-CSF.A specific program was made for the patients.The condition and cooperation degree of children were comprehensively evaluated before cell collection, and a femoral venous catheterization was inserted to ensure the cells collected smoothly.A mononuclear cell collection(MNC) program was selected, and machine parameters were set based on the patient's low body weight.The number of mononuclear cell (MNC) and the CD34+ cell was detected by flow cytometry for retrospective analysis. 【Results】 A total of 73 cell collections were performed in 27 patients, and the number of mononuclear cells and CD34+ cells was 12.586(10.22~19.586)×108/kg and 13.575(7.275~23.825)×106/kg, respectively, which can meet the requirement of sequential double transplantation. No intoxication of citrate and other serious adverse reactions occurred, and the follow-up was generally in good condition. 【Conclusion】 The method is effective and safe for pediatric patients, even for pediatric patients with low weight. Sufficient stem cells can be collected for patients with solid tumors by this method to meet the requirement of sequential double transplantation.

Análisis de la producción científica sobre bajo peso al nacer publicada en revistas médicas cubanas / Analysis of scientific production on low birth weight published in Cuban medical journals

Introducción: El peso al nacer es el determinante más importante de las posibilidades de un recién nacido de experimentar un crecimiento y desarrollo satisfactorios, por tanto, constituye un indicador importante de salud. Estudiar la producción científica en este campo complementa de manera eficaz las opiniones y los juicios emitidos por los expertos. Objetivo: Caracterizar la producción científica sobre bajo peso al nacer publicada en revistas médicas cubanas. Material y métodos: Investigación descriptiva, de corte transversal, en la que se empleó como fuente primaria de información las revistas médicas cubanas certificadas como científicas. Se analizaron indicadores de producción científica, colaboración, impacto y co-ocurrencia de términos. Resultados: La producción científica cubana estuvo constituida por 34 publicaciones con predominio de 27 artículos originales. Se evidenció baja productividad por autores, elevada colaboración intrainstitucional e interprovincial y baja colaboración nacional e internacional con un índice de colaboración de 5,15. La Revista Electrónica Dr. Zoilo E. Marinello Vidaurreta fue la más productiva con 14,7 por ciento de las publicaciones. El análisis de co-ocurrencia de términos arrojó 3 clústeres que configuraron los principales focos emergentes de investigación en Cuba, relacionados con el bajo peso al nacer, los factores de riesgo y la prematuridad. Conclusiones: La producción científica sobre bajo peso al nacer en revistas médicas cubanas se caracterizó por ser baja e inestable. No existe un liderazgo en los investigadores, revistas e instituciones cubanas en la investigación sobre el tema. Se registró un predominio de la colaboración a nivel local e investigaciones sobre los factores de riesgo asociados al bajo peso al nacer y su relación con la prematuridad(AU)

Introduction: Birth weight is the most important determinant of a newborn's chances of experiencing satisfactory growth and development; therefore, it is an important indicator of health. Studying scientific production in this field effectively complements the opinions and judgments issued by experts. Objective: To characterize the scientific production on low birth weight published in Cuban medical journals. Material and Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional investigation was carried using the Cuban medical journals certified as scientific as the primary source of information. Indicators of scientific production, collaboration, impact and co-occurrence of terms were analyzed. Results: The Cuban scientific production consisted of 34 publications, with a predominance of 27 original articles. Authors with low productivity, high intra-institutional and interprovincial collaboration, and low national and international collaboration were evidenced, with a collaboration index of 5,15. The Dr. Zoilo E. Marinello Vidaurreta Electronic Journal was the most productive one, with 14.7 percent of the publications. The term co-occurrence analysis yielded 3 clusters that formed the main emerging research focuses in Cuba related to low birth weight, risk factors and prematurity. Conclusions: Scientific production on low birth weight in Cuban medical journals was characterized as low and unstable. There is no leadership of Cuban researchers(AU) journals and institutions in research on the subject. There was a predominance of collaboration at the local level and research on the risk factors associated with low birth weight and their relationship to prematurity(AU)

Implantación intraabdominal de un injerto renal con dos arterias renales en un receptor pediátrico de bajo peso. Primer caso reportado en el Paraguay / Intra-abdominal implantation of a kidney graft with two renal arteries in a low-weight pediatric recipient. First case reported in Paraguay

El trasplante renal de órganos provenientes de donantes adultos implantados en una cavidad anatómica estrecha en pacientes pediátricos de bajo peso, ofrece importantes desafíos médicos y quirúrgicos a ser considerados. En esta publicación reportamos el primer caso en el Paraguay de un riñón con dos arterias renales injertado a la aorta y vena cava inferior, dentro de la cavidad abdominal de un paciente pediátrico de 12 kilogramos de peso, evaluando las dificultades médicas, anatómicas y quirúrgicas enfrentadas, así como las opciones de tratamiento instituidas para llevar a cabo este procedimiento de manera exitosa

Kidney transplantation of organs from adult donors implanted into a narrow anatomical cavity in underweight pediatric patients offers significant medical and surgical challenges to be considered. In this publication we report the first case in Paraguay of a kidney with two renal arteries, grafted to the aorta and inferior vena cava within the abdominal cavity, on a 12 kilogram pediatric patient, evaluating the medical, anatomical and surgical conditions faced, as well as the treatment options instituted to successfully carry out this procedure

Factores de riesgo asociado al bajo peso al nacer. Municipio Guisa. Enero- diciembre 2019 / Risk factors associated with the low birth weight. Guise municipality. January - December 2019 / Fatores de risco associados ao baixo peso ao nascer. Municipio Guisa. Enero- diciembre 2019

RESUMEN Introducción: la reducción del bajo peso al nacer constituye una prioridad en el país por ser determinante para disminuir la mortalidad infantil. Objetivo: determinar los principales factores de riesgo asociados al bajo peso al nacer Guisa, Granma. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal, incluyó a 37 gestantes que aportaron los nacimientos con bajo peso en el periodo de estudio. Se analizaron las variables edad materna, evaluación nutricional al inicio del embarazo, edad gestacional al momento del parto, tipo de bajo peso, antecedentes personales y enfermedades asociadas al embarazo. Resultados: se produjeron 511 nacimientos, 37 mostraron un peso inferior a 2500 g. El mayor número de nacimientos ocurrió en edades fértiles de la vida, predominando la evaluación nutricional normopeso al inicio del embarazo. La edad gestacional entre 37-42 semanas fueron las que más aportaron bajo peso, no ocurrieron nacimientos en gestantes con menos de 32 semanas. Predominaron los crecimientos intrauterinos restringidos. Entre los antecedentes patológicos resalta, la hipertensión arterial, seguida por el asma bronquial, la anemia ligera. Conclusiones: el bajo peso al nacer es un problema de salud en el municipio Guisa y por consiguiente su influencia negativa sobre la calidad de vida de los infantes. Las edades extremas no resultaron factores de incidencia en el bajo peso al nacer al igual que el estado nutricional. Las principales causales son el crecimiento intrauterino restringido y el parto pretérmino. La identificación precoz de los factores de riesgo y la adopción de medidas efectivas permitirá disminuir la incidencia de estas causas.

ABSTRACT Introduction: reducing low birth weight is a priority in the country as it is decisive for reducing infant mortality. Objective: to determine the main risk factors associated with low birth weight Guisa, Granma. Methods: a descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out, it included 37 pregnant women who provided births with low birth weight in the study period. The variables maternal age, nutritional evaluation at the beginning of pregnancy, gestational age at delivery, type of low weight, personal history and diseases associated with pregnancy were analyzed. Results: there were 511 births, 37 showed a weight less than 2500 g. The highest number of births occurred in fertile ages of life, predominating the normal weight nutritional assessment at the beginning of pregnancy. Gestational ages between 37-42 weeks were the ones that contributed the most to low weight, there were no births in pregnant women with less than 32 weeks. Restricted intrauterine growths predominated. Among the pathological antecedents, arterial hypertension stands out, followed by bronchial asthma, mild anemia. Conclusions: low birth weight is a health problem in the Guisa municipality and therefore its negative influence on the quality of life of infants. Extreme ages were not factors of incidence in low birth weight as well as nutritional status. The main causes are restricted intrauterine growth and preterm delivery. The early identification of risk factors and the adoption of effective measures will reduce the incidence of these causes.

RESUMO Introdução: a redução do baixo peso ao nascer é uma prioridade no país, pois é decisiva para a redução da mortalidade infantil. Objetivo: determinar os principais fatores de risco associados ao baixo peso ao nascer Guisa, Granma. Métodos: foi realizado um estudo transversal descritivo, com 37 gestantes que realizaram partos com baixo peso ao nascer no período do estudo. Foram analisadas as variáveis ​​idade materna, avaliação nutricional no início da gestação, idade gestacional no parto, tipo de baixo peso, antecedentes pessoais e doenças associadas à gravidez. Resultados: ocorreram 511 nascimentos, 37 apresentavam peso inferior a 2.500 g. O maior número de nascimentos ocorreu em idades férteis de vida, predominando a avaliação nutricional de peso normal no início da gestação. As idades gestacionais entre 37-42 semanas foram as que mais contribuíram para o baixo peso, não ocorrendo partos em gestantes com menos de 32 semanas. Predominaram crescimentos intrauterinos restritos. Dentre os antecedentes patológicos, destaca-se a hipertensão arterial, seguida da asma brônquica, anemia leve. Conclusões: o baixo peso ao nascer é um problema de saúde no município de Guisa e, portanto, influencia negativamente na qualidade de vida dos lactentes. As idades extremas não foram fatores de incidência no baixo peso ao nascer, bem como no estado nutricional. As principais causas são o crescimento intrauterino restrito e o parto prematuro. A identificação precoce dos fatores de risco e a adoção de medidas eficazes irão reduzir a incidência dessas causas.

Factores de riesgo asociados al bajo peso al nacer en un área de salud de Camagüey / Risk factors associated with the low birth weight in a health area from Camagüey

Introducción: El peso al nacer es, sin dudas, la variable más importante para determinar las posibilidades que tiene de un recién nacido de experimentar un crecimiento y desarrollo satisfactorios, de manera que la tasa de recién nacidos con bajo peso se considera hoy día un indicador general de salud. Objetivo: Describir los factores de riesgo asociados al bajo peso al nacer en el Policlínico Universitario de Previsora, de la ciudad de Camagüey durante 2019. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, de corte transversal de las 19 madres que tuvieron recién nacidos con peso inferior a 2 500 gramos y se encontraban en el área de salud señalada en el periodo estudiado. Se analizaron variables relacionadas con los factores sociodemográficos, medioambientales y con la gestación. Para el procesamiento de los datos se utilizaron frecuencias relativas y absolutas. Resultados: Las enfermedades más frecuentes relacionadas con estos nacimientos fueron la hipertensión arterial y la anemia (26,3 %, respectivamente); asimismo, 57,8 % de las madres eran multíparas y 3 de ellas presentaron un periodo intergenésico corto. Conclusiones: El bajo peso al nacer se debe a la asociación de varios factores biológicos, socioeconómicos, ambientales y psicológicos, por lo que resulta difícil definir una causa única en su aparición.

Introduction: The birth weight is, undoubtedly, the most important variable to determine the possibilities that a new born has experiencing a satisfactory growth and development, so that the rate of new born with low weight is considered nowadays a general indicator of health. Objective: To describe the risk factors associated with the low birth weight in the University Polyclinic of Previsora, from Camagüey city during 2019. Methods: A descriptive and cross-sectional study of the 19 mothers that had new borns with weight under 2 500 grams was carried out. They were in that health area during the studied period. Some variables related to the sociodemographic, environmental factors and with pregnancy were analyzed. Relative and absolute frequencies were used to process the data. Results: The most frequent diseases related to these births were hypertension and anemia (26.3 %, respectively); also, 57.8 % of the mothers were multiparus and 3 of them presented one short intergenesic period. Conclusions: Low birth weight is the consequence of several biological, socioeconomic, environmental and psychological factors, reason why it is difficult to define a unique cause in its emergence.

Índice pronóstico de bajo peso al nacer / Prognostic index of low weight at birth

RESUMEN Introducción: diversos son los factores mancomunados a un mayor riesgo de recién nacidos con bajo peso al nacer en gestantes. Objetivos: aplicar y validar un índice pronóstico para la estratificación de riesgo de recién nacidos con bajo peso al nacer. Material y métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional de corte longitudinal, prospectivo o de cohortes en gestantes atendidas en el área de salud del municipio de Guanabacoa, en el período comprendido desde el 1º de enero de 2016 hasta el 31 de diciembre del 2019, para aplicar un índice pronóstico de bajo peso al nacer, con elementos clínicos. Mediante la función de regresión logística apreciada se calcularon las probabilidades de bajo peso al nacer en la muestra de estimación, y esa distribución empírica fue fragmentada en terciles para escrutar zonas que permitieran clasificar a las gestantes como de bajo, mediano y alto riesgo de bajo peso. Resultados: el (85,7 %) de las gestantes poseían baja probabilidad de bajo peso al nacer. El 60,4 % de las gestantes estuvieron clasificadas como pacientes con una alta probabilidad de bajo peso al nacer, y la mayoría de los pacientes clasificados de riesgo medio con bajo peso al nacer; 11 pacientes no fueron clasificados adecuadamente por el Índice pronostico. Conclusiones: el índice construido mostró eficacia y robustez adecuadas, siendo útil para realizar pronóstico de bajo peso al nacer en gestantes del área de salud (AU).

SUMMARY Introduction: there are many factors associated to a bigger risk for newborns with low weight at birth. Objective: to apply and to validate a prognostic index for the risk stratification in newborns with low weight at birth. Materials and methods: a cohort or prospective, longitudinal, observational study was carried out in pregnant women attending the health area of Guanabacoa municipality in the period from January 1st 2016 until December 31st 2019 to apply a prognostic index of low weight at birth, with clinical elements. Through the appreciated logistic regression function the possibilities of low weight at birth were calculated in the estimation sample, and that empiric distribution was fragmented in tertils to scrutinize zones allowing classifying pregnant women as low, medium and high risk of low weight births. Results: 85.7% of the pregnant women showed low probability of low birth weight. 60.4% of them was classified as patient with a high probability of low birth weight, and most of the patients classified as of medium risk of low birth weight; 11 patients were not adequately classified by the prognostic index. Conclusions: the conformed index showed suitable efficacy and reliability, being useful to carry out prognosis of low weight at birth in pregnant women of the health area (AU).

Risk factors for deleyed recovery after surgical closure of congenital ventricular septal defect in infants with low weight / 中国胸心血管外科临床杂志

@#Objective    To reveal the risk factors for delayed recovery and complications in infants with weight≤ 5.0 kg after surgical ventricular septal defect (VSD) closure. Methods    We retrospectively reviewed a consecutive series of 86 patients with weight≤5.0 kg who were admitted to our institution for surgical VSD closure between January 2016 and July 2019, including 31 males and 55 females with an age of 17-266 (80.3±40.4) d and a weight of 2.5-5.0 (4.4±0.6) kg. The VSDs were divided into perimembranous (n=65, 75.6%), subaortic (n=17, 19.8%) and subaortic combined muscular types (n=4, 4.7%). Mechanical ventilation (MV) time≥24 h or ICU stay≥72 h were defined as delayed recovery. Death, sudden circulatory arrest, complete heart block requiring a permanent or temporary pacemaker implantation, neurological complications, reoperation (for residue shunt or valvular regurgitation), reintubation and diaphragmatic paralysis were considered as significant major adverse events. Results    There was no death, reoperation due to residual VSD or neurological complication. Totally 51 (59.3%) patients had MV timec≥24 h and 51 (59.3%) patients stayed in the ICU≥ 72 h. Two (2.3%) patients required temporary pacemaker and six (7.0%) patients required reintubation. During the follow-up of 3-36 (15.8±8.8) months, 1 patient died of pneumonia after discharge, 5 patients suffered mild tricuspid valve regurgitation and 1 patient suffered decreased left ventricular systolic function in the follow-up. No aortic valve injuries occurred. Conclusion    For patients whose weight≤5.0 kg, short-term results of surgical VSD closure are excellent. Low weight and age may prolong MV time; low birth weight and pulmonary hypertension may prolong ICU stay, but are not independent risk factors.

Indicadores del Programa Materno Infantil en Bartolomé Masó Márquez durante los años 2016-2017 / Indicators of the Maternal and Child Program in Bartolomé Masó Márquez during the years 2016-2017 / Indicadores do Programa Materno-Infantil de Bartolomé Masó Márquez durante os anos de 2016-2017

RESUMEN La tasa de mortalidad infantil es el indicador que corresponde al número de fallecidos dentro del primer año de vida referidos a 1 000 nacidos vivos durante el mismo período; el lapso utilizado para la determinación de las tasas, por lo general, es de un año. Con el objetivo de determinar el comportamiento de algunos indicadores del Programa Materno Infantil durante 2016-2017. Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo. El universo comprendió todos los nacimientos en Bartolomé Masó Márquez en el período de estudio, las muertes maternas, las muertes fetales y la población menor de cinco años. Se utilizaron las siguientes variables: fallecido menor de un año, causas del fallecimiento, dirección, muertes maternas, bajo peso al nacer, mortalidad fetal tardía, fallecidos menores de cinco años. Se logra una a tasa de mortalidad infantil de 3,74 por cada 1 000 nacidos vivos, La tasa de mortalidad preescolar se mantiene de 3,9 por 10 000 habitantes de la edad. Se incrementa la tasa de mortalidad del menor de cinco años de 4,9 a 5,6 por cada mil nacidos vivos. La tasa de mortalidad escolar se reduce de 3,1 a 1,6 por 10 000 habitantes de la edad. Se incrementa una tasa de mortalidad fetal de 6.57 a 11,2 por cada 1 000 nacidos vivos. No ocurren muertes maternas directas. Se reduce el índice de bajo peso al nacer de 5,59 a 4,6 por cada 100. En el municipio el programa materno infantil muestra resultados favorables en los indicadores analizados, lo que se corresponde con los de países del primer mundo.

ABSTRACT The infant mortality rate is the indicator that corresponds to the number of deaths within the first year of life referred to 1,000 live births during the same period; the period used to determine the rates is generally one year. In order to determine the behavior of some indicators of the Maternal and Child Program during 2016-2017. A descriptive observational study was performed. The universe included all births to Bartolomé Masó Márquez in the study period, maternal deaths, fetal deaths, and the population under the age of five. The following variables were used: deceased less than one year, causes of death, address, maternal deaths, low birth weight, late fetal mortality, deceased under five years. An infant mortality rate of 3.74 is achieved for every 1,000 live births. The preschool mortality rate remains at 3.9 per 10,000 inhabitants of age. The under-five mortality rate increases from 4.9 to 5.6 for every thousand live births. The school mortality rate is reduced from 3.1 to 1.6 per 10,000 inhabitants of age. A fetal mortality rate increases from 6.57 to 11.2 for every 1,000 live births. Direct maternal deaths do not occur. The low birth weight index is reduced from 5.59 to 4.6 per 100. In the municipality, the maternal and child program shows favorable results in the analyzed indicators, which corresponds to those of first world countries.

RESUMO A taxa de mortalidade infantil é o indicador que corresponde ao número de óbitos no primeiro ano de vida referentes a 1.000 nascidos vivos no mesmo período; o período usado para determinar as taxas é geralmente de um ano. Para determinar o comportamento de alguns indicadores do Programa Materno-Infantil durante o período de 2016-2017. Foi realizado um estudo observacional descritivo. O universo incluiu todos os nascimentos de Bartolomé Masó Márquez no período do estudo, óbitos maternos, óbitos fetais e população com menos de cinco anos. Foram utilizadas as seguintes variáveis: falecido há menos de um ano, causas de morte, endereço, óbitos maternos, baixo peso ao nascer, mortalidade fetal tardia, falecido com menos de cinco anos. É alcançada uma taxa de mortalidade infantil de 3,74 para cada 1.000 nascidos vivos, e a taxa de mortalidade pré-escolar permanece em 3,9 por 10.000 habitantes. A taxa de mortalidade de menores de cinco anos aumenta de 4,9 para 5,6 para cada mil nascidos vivos. A taxa de mortalidade escolar é reduzida de 3,1 para 1,6 por 10.000 habitantes. A taxa de mortalidade fetal aumenta de 6,57 para 11,2 para cada 1.000 nascidos vivos. As mortes maternas diretas não ocorrem. O índice de baixo peso ao nascer é reduzido de 5,59 para 4,6 por 100. No município, o programa materno-infantil mostra resultados favoráveis ​​nos indicadores analisados, que correspondem aos dos países do primeiro mundo.

Desenvolvimento de linguagem e das habilidades auditivas em prematuros adequados e pequenos para a idade gestacional: idade cronológica entre 18 e 36 meses / Development of speech and hearing skills in prematures adequate and small for gestational age: chronological age between 18 and 36 months

RESUMO Objetivo O estudo teve por objetivo identificar se o desenvolvimento das habilidades auditivas no primeiro ano de vida relaciona-se com o desenvolvimento de linguagem em neonatos pré-termo com idade cronológica entre 18 e 36 meses verificando se o desempenho de linguagem varia em função da relação peso/idade gestacional. Método Estudo retrospectivo e longitudinal aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética da Instituição. Amostra composta por 66 neonatos prematuros de ambos os sexos de 18 a 36 meses de idade, distribuídos conforme a adequação peso/idade gestacional em dois grupos: (a) GAIG: 39 neonatos com peso adequado à idade gestacional, sendo 26 com desenvolvimento auditivo normal e 13 com alterado; (b) GPIG: 27 neonatos pequenos para a idade gestacional, 18 com desenvolvimento auditivo normal e 9 com alterado. A partir das consultas aos prontuários do serviço de acompanhamento dos neonatos, verificaram-se os resultados do desenvolvimento das habilidades auditivas no primeiro ano de vida e avaliação da recepção, expressão e total de Linguagem (Menezes, 2003). Adotados como procedimentos estatísticos o ANOVA e o teste de Igualdade de Duas Proporções. Resultados O desempenho de linguagem não diferiu nos grupos GAIG e GPIG. Quando considerados o desenvolvimento auditivo normal e o alterado, em GAIG e GPIG, observou-se diferença significante na Recepção e Total de linguagem. As crianças com desenvolvimento auditivo normal apresentaram um maior percentual de adequação de linguagem. Conclusão A alteração das habilidades auditivas no primeiro ano de vida interferiu mais no desenvolvimento da linguagem do que a relação peso/idade gestacional.

ABSTRACT Purpose This study aimed to identify whether the development of hearing abilities in the first year of life is related to the development of language in preterm neonates with chronological age between 18 and 36 months, verifying if the language performance varies according to the weight/gestational age ratio. Methods Retrospective and longitudinal study approved by the Institution's Ethics Committee. The sample consisted of 66 preterm infants of both sexes, aged 18-36 months, divided into two groups: AIG Group 39 neonates with weight appropriate to the gestational age, 26 with normal hearing and 13 with altered hearing; and PIG group 27 neonates small for gestational age, 18 with normal and 9 with altered hearing. Results from the development of auditory skills in the first year of life and evaluation of the reception, expression and total of language (Menezes, 2003) were obtained from neonatal follow-up records. We used the ANOVA and the Equality Test of Two Proportions as statistical procedures. Results In each group, we observed a significant difference in the Reception and Total language in children with normal and altered auditory development. Children with normal hearing development presented a higher percentage of language adequacy. The language performance did not differ in relation to the weight / gestational age adequacy. Conclusion Changing auditory abilities in the first year of life interfered more in language development than the gestational age / weight ratio.

Índice de masa corporal pregestacional y ganancia de peso gestacional relacionados con el peso al nacer / Pre-pregnancy body mass index and gestational weight gain related to birth weight

Resumen OBJETIVO: Evaluar la relación entre el índice de masa corporal previo al embarazo, la ganancia de peso y el peso del recién nacido. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio analítico y transversal mediante muestreo probabilístico efectuado en pacientes que concluyeron su embarazo en el Hospital San Juan de Lurigancho, Perú, durante el año 2018. Parámetros de estudio: índice de masa corporal previo al embarazo: bajo peso, normal, sobrepeso y obesidad; ganancia de peso: insuficiente, adecuada y excesiva; peso del recién nacido en gramos. La variación del peso al nacer según el índice de masa corporal previo al embarazo y la ganancia de peso se evaluaron con pruebas H de Kruskal-Wallis y ANOVA, respectivamente. También se utilizó un modelo de regresión lineal múltiple con IC95%. RESULTADOS: Se estudiaron 197 pacientes que iniciaron el embarazo siendo obesas o con bajo peso que tuvieron neonatos con mayor peso al nacer (3516.9 ± 480.7 g y 3564 ± 148.5 g, respectivamente). Se determinó que no existe asociación entre el índice de masa corporal previo al embarazo y el peso del recién nacido (p = 0.753). Sin embargo, el peso al nacer fue mayor en los hijos de madres con excesiva ganancia de peso (3582.9 ± 442.1 g) y menor en quienes tuvieron insuficiente ganancia de peso (3278.9 ± 447.9 g). Esto demuestra asociación significativa entre la ganancia de peso durante el embarazo y el peso al nacer (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONES: El índice de masa corporal previo al embarazo, de forma independiente, no se relacionó con el peso al nacer. Sin embargo, junto con la ganancia de peso durante el embarazo sí se relacionó positivamente con el peso del recién nacido.

Abstract OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the relationship between the pregestational body mass index and the gestational weight gain with the birth weight. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cross-sectional analytical study. Through probabilistic sampling, 197 pregnant women and their neonates participated, whose delivery was attended at the San Juan de Lurigancho Hospital, 2018.The pregestational body mass index was classified as low weight, normal, overweight and obese; the gestational weight gain in insufficient, adequate and excessive; and the birth weight in grams. The variation of birth weight according to pregestational body mass index and weight gain were evaluated using the Kruskal-Wallis and ANOVA H tests, respectively. Similarly, a multiple linear regression model is required, a 95% confidence level is considered. RESULTS: The patients who started the pregnancy with obesity and low weight presented neonates with greater birth weight (3516.9 ± 480.7 g and 3564 ± 148.5 g, respectively), it was determined that there is not association between the pregestational body mass index and the birth weight (p = 0.753). However, the birth weight was higher in postpartum women with excessive weight gain (3582.9 ± 442.1 g) and lower in those with insufficient weight gain (3278.9 ± 447.9 g), a significant association was demonstrated between weight gain and birth weight (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The pregestational body mass index, independently, was not related to birth weight. However, together with the gestational weight gain, they were positively related to the weight of the newborn.

Survival prognosis of newborns from an intensive care unit through the SNAP-PE II risk score

OBJECTIVES: Although child mortality has declined significantly in recent decades, the reduction of neonatal mortality remains a major challenge as neonatal mortality represents 2/3 of the mortality rate in this population. The objective of this study was to evaluate the utility of the Score for Neonatal Acute Physiology Perinatal Extension II (SNAP-PE II) score for evaluating the survival prognosis of newborns admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). METHODS: The study design involved an observational cross-sectional retrospective collection, as well as a prospective component. The sample included all newborns admitted to the NICU validated by the SNAP-PE II tool from January 1 to December 31, 2014. RESULTS: A predominance of young mothers (25.4 years), underwent prenatal care (86.2%), however a considerable percentage (49.4%) of mothers received insufficient medical consultation (less than six consults during their pregnancy). A prevalence of male admissions (62.4%) were noted in the NICU. Premature (61.7%) and underweight (weight <2,500 grams) newborns were also prevalent. The SNAP-PE II score showed an association between the infants who were discharged from the neonatal unit and the non-survivors. An increased prevalence of low birth weight and hypothermia was noted in the group of non-survivors. The mean arterial pressure appears to be a significant risk factor in the newborn group that progressed to death. Hypothermia, mean arterial pressure, and birth weight were the most significant variables associated with death. CONCLUSION: The SNAP-PE II was a beneficial indicator of neonatal mortality. The prevention of prematurity and hypothermia by improving maternity care and newborn care can decisively influence neonatal mortality.

Efectividad de un protocolo para la atención del dolor en neonatos menores de 1 500 gramos / Effectiveness of a protocol for pain management in newborns with less than 1 500 grams

Introducción: La atención al dolor resulta prioritaria en las unidades de cuidados intensivos neonatales. No se recogen antecedentes en Cuba de implementación de algún protocolo para el abordaje del dolor en neonatos, que no se limite solamente al tratamiento farmacológico durante la asistencia respiratoria o cirugía neonatal. Objetivo: Determinar la efectividad de un protocolo para la prevención y alivio del dolor en recién nacidos menor de 500 gramos, basado principalmente en las recomendaciones de la Sociedad Iberoamericana de Neonatología. Métodos: Estudio basado en las recomendaciones de la Sociedad Iberoamericana de Neonatología, de tipo analítico prospectivo de ANTES y DESPUÉS en 55 neonatos menor de 1500 gramos, nacidos en el Hospital Ginecoobstétrico Docente Provincial de Matanzas en el período marzo/2016 a marzo/2018, en el cual se comparó la intensidad del dolor según la escala COMFORTneo aplicada durante la realización de tres procederes: inserción del catéter venoso umbilical, inserción de catéter percutáneo y punción del talón, en dos grupos de pacientes: un grupo antes (n=29) y un grupo después de aplicar el protocolo de dolor (n=26). Para el análisis de variables se empleó el coeficiente de Spearman. Se consideró significativo todo valor p menor de 0,05. Resultados: El peso promedio de los neonatos estudiados fue 1 180 gramos. Luego de la implementación del protocolo se observó una disminución significativa en la intensidad del dolor durante la realización de los procederes seleccionados. Las medidas no farmacológicas fueron las más empleadas. Conclusiones: El protocolo implementado es efectivo para lograr disminuir la intensidad del dolor en neonatos menor de 1 500 gramos(AU)

Introduction: Pain management is a priority in Neonatal Intensive Care Units. There are not antecedents in Cuba of any protocol carried out for management of neonatal pain, apart from the pharmacological treatment during neonatal respiratory assistance or surgery. Objective: To determine effectiveness of a protocol for prevention and pain relief in infants with less than 1500 grams, mainly based on recommendations of the Ibero-American Society of Neonatology. Methods: A prospective analytical study of before and after was made in 55 infants with less than 1500 grams, who were born in the Teaching Gynecological and Obstetric Provincial Hospital of Matanzas, Cuba, in the period from March,2016 to March, 2018. For the study, the intensity of pain was compared by means of the COMFORTneo scale, which was carried out during the performance of three procedures: umbilical vein catheterization, percutaneous venous catheterization and heel lance; in two patients groups: one before (n=29) and the other after the implementation of the pain protocol (n=26). Spearman coefficient was used for statistical analysis of ordinal qualitative variables. All less than; 0.05 values were considered significant. Results: The average weight of the studied newborns was 1 180 grams. After implementing the protocol, a significant decrease in pain intensity was observed during the performance of the selected procedures. Non-pharmacological measures were the most used. Conclusion: The implemented protocol is effective for decrease pain intensity in newborns with less than 1 500 grams(AU)

La supervivencia en neonatos con afecciones complejas en Cirugía Pediátrica / Neonates' survival from complex conditions after Pediatric Surgery

RESUMEN Introducción: el análisis de supervivencia es uno de los métodos estadísticos más empleado en los estudios clínicos. Objetivo: determinar la influencia de factores de riesgo en la supervivencia de los neonatos con afecciones complejas en Cirugía Pediátrica. Método: en este trabajo se estudiaron los pacientes atendidos en el Centro Regional de Cirugía Neonatal de Holguín, desde el 1ro de enero de 1994 hasta el 31 de diciembre del 2015. El universo estuvo constituido por 382 niños y la muestra por 295, con un tiempo de seguimiento de hasta 28 días. Se analizaron las variables como: peso al nacer, edad gestacional y anomalías asociadas; según los factores de riesgo como: bajo peso al nacer, neonato pretérmino y anomalías asociadas; así como su influencia en la supervivencia. Con la ayuda del paquete estadístico SPSS versión 15 sobre Windows XP, se efectuó el análisis de las curvas de supervivencia por el método Kaplan-Meier, y los factores de riesgo por el método Log-Rank. Resultados: del total de la muestra (n=295), se obtienen 66 neonatos con nacimiento pretérmino (22,4%), 82 con bajo peso al nacer (27,8%) y 154 con anomalías asociadas (52,2%); siendo este el factor de riesgo predominante. En dichos pacientes, se aprecia un alto número de eventos con influencia en su supervivencia, durante el seguimiento del período neonatal. El evento final ocurrió en 61 neonatos (20,7%). La media en el tiempo de supervivencia de los neonatos con afecciones complejas en Cirugía Pediátrica fue de 23 días. Conclusiones: en la supervivencia de los pacientes influyeron los factores de riesgo estudiados. La sepsis severa fue la causa directa de muerte que predominó.

ABSTRACT Introduction: survival study is one of the most used statistical methods in the clinical field. Objective: to determine the influence of risk factors over neonates´ survival form complex conditions after Pediatric Surgery. Method: in this work we studied patients attended in the Regional Center of Neonatal Surgery of Holguín, from January 1st, 1994 to December 31st, 2015. Universe was 382 neonates and the sample was 295, monitored during 28 days. Analyzed variables were: birth weight, gestational age and associated anomalies; according to its risk factors like: low birth weight, preterm neonates and associated anomalies, as well as their influence on neonates 'survival. By the use of statistical package SPSS version 15 on Windows XP, survival curves were analyzed by the Kaplan-Meier method and the risk factors by Log-Rank. Results: of the total sample (n=295) 66 neonates were preterm births (22.4%); 82 low birth weight (27.8%) and 154 showed associated anomalies (52.2%) as the main risk factor. Patients studied showed high numbers of events and their influence on survival during neonatal period. The final event occurred to 61 neonates (20.7%). Conclusions: risk factors studied were influenced by patients´ survival and the direct cause of death was severe sepsis.

Asociación entre bajo peso al nacer y parto pretermino en gestantes con signos de enfermedad periodontal atendidas en una institución del nivel primario de salud del valle del cauca-colombia / Association between low birth weight and preterm delivery in pregnant women with signs of periodontal disease treated at a primary health institution in the valle del cauca-colombia

RESUMEN INTRODUCCIÓN: El parto pretérmino (PPT) y el Bajo Peso al Nacer (BPN) y su consecuente morbilidad y mortalidad neonatal son problemas prevalentes de salud. Se ha planteado que las bacterias que participan en el desarrollo de la enfermedad periodontal (EP) estimulan la liberación de prostaglandinas, que, a su vez, estimulan el trabajo de parto, sin embargo, esta relación no ha sido claramente demostrada. OBJETIVO: Determinar la asociación entre BPN y PPT en gestantes con signos de EP en una Institución Pública de Salud. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio de casos y controles con relación 1:1. Los casos fueron gestantes con Recién Nacidos (RN) pretérmino (PT) <37 semanas y BPN <2.500 gr, los controles gestantes con parto a término y RN con peso >2.500 gr. Se excluyeron gestantes sin historia clínica odontológica o cuyos RN presentaron restricción del crecimiento intrauterino. Para determinar la asociación se estimaron OR con su respectivos IC al 95%, siendo estadísticamente significativo cuando el valor de P de chi2 fue menor de 0.05. RESULTADOS: El PPT/BPN supone una posible asociación con el antecedente familiar de hipertensión o diabetes OR: 2,76 IC: (0,87 - 9,26); (p=0,051), y hubo una asociación estadísticamente significativa con bajo peso materno (IMC<18.5) en el primer control prenatal OR: 2,85 IC: (0,96 - 8,66); (p=0,033), gingivitis OR: 4,03 IC: (1,04 - 18,83); (p=0,021), retracciones gingivales OR: 8,1 IC: (0,98 - 68) (p=0,027) y sangrado gingival OR 6,8 IC: (1,98 - 26,45); (p=0,000). CONCLUSIONES: Los resultados de este estudio sugieren que la enfermedad periodontal puede estar asociada al PPT/BPN.

ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: Preterm birth (PB) and Low Birth Weight (LBW), and their consequent neonatal morbidity and mortality, are prevalent health problems. It has been suggested that bacteria responsible for the development of periodontal disease stimulate the release of prostaglandin, which in turn, stimulates labor. However, this relationship has not been clearly demonstrated. OBJECTIVE: To determine the association between low birth weight and premature delivery in pregnant women with signs of periodontal disease in the population of pregnant women in a public health institution. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Case-control study with a 1: 1 ratio. For our subjects we included pregnant women who gave birth prematurely (PT) <37 weeks to babies with a LBW <2,500 gr and as controls, pregnant women who delivered at term with newborns weighing more than 2,500 gr. Pregnant women without a dental history were excluded as were those whose NB presented an intrauterine growth restriction. To determine the association, we used the OR with its respective 95% confidence interval, it was statistically significant when the p values of chi test was less than 0.05. RESULTS: PB / LBW indicates a possible association with the family history of hypertension or diabetes OR: 2.76 CI: (0.87 - 9.26); (p = 0.051), and there was a statistically significant association with low maternal weight (BMI <18.5) in the first prenatal control OR: 2.85 IC: (0.96 - 8.66); (p = 0.033), gingivitis OR: 4.03 IC: (1.04 - 18.83); (p = 0.021), gingival retractions OR: 8.1 IC: (0.98 - 68) (p = 0.027) and gingival bleeding OR 6.8 CI: (1.98-26.45); (p = 0.000). CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study suggest an association between signs of periodontal disease and PB / LBW.

Benefícios do Método Canguru: uma revisão integrativa / Método Beneficios Canguro: una revisión integradora / Benefits of the Kangaroo Method: an integrative literature review

Objective: This study aims to identify existing research in the literature that addresses the benefits of the kangaroo mother care. Methods: This is an integrative review of the literature. The search in MEDLINE, LILACS, BDENF and SCIELO databases were performed using the descriptors: "kangaroo mother care", "benefit" and "low birth weight" obeying the six steps of the method considering the inclusion criteria. Results: Initially, 385 articles were found in the databases, and 19 of them were selected. The benefits of the kangaroo mother care to newborns were addressed in 58% of the selected papers, 16% discussed the benefits for the mother and newborn relationship and 16% analyzed the benefits of the method for the medical institution. Conclusion: The kangaroo mother care brings benefits to the medical institution, mothers, and newborns. The need for further studies evaluating other benefits of the kangaroo as a standard health care method is here emphasized aiming to expand this health technology that goes beyond physiological needs

Objetivo: Identificar pesquisas existentes na literatura que abordem os benefícios do método canguru. Método: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura. As buscas nas bases de dados MEDLINE, LILACS, BDENF e SCIELO foram realizadas utilizando os descritores: "método canguru", "benefício" e "recém-nascido de baixo peso" obedecendo as seis etapas do método considerando os critérios de inclusão. Resultados: Inicialmente foram encontrados 385 artigos nas bases de dados após seleção restaram 19. Do total de artigos analisados 58% abordaram os benefícios no método canguru para o recém-nascido, 16% discutiram os benefícios para a relação mãe e recém-nascido e 16% analisaram os benefícios do método para a instituição. Conclusão: Pode-se perceber que o Método Canguru traz benefícios para instituição, mãe e recém-nascido. Destaca-se a necessidade de novos estudos que avaliem outros benefícios do método canguru como padrão de cuidados a fim de expandir essa tecnologia em saúde que vai além das necessidades fisiológicas

Objetivo: Identificar investigaciones existentes en la literatura que aborden los beneficios del método canguro. Método: Se trata de una revisión integrativa de la literatura. Las investigaciones en las bases de datos MEDLINE, LILACS, BDENF y SCIELO se realizaron utilizando los descriptores: "método canguro", "beneficio" y "recién nacido de bajo peso" obedeciendo las seis etapas del método considerando los criterios de inclusión. los Resultados: Obtenidos en las bases de datos después de la selección quedaron 19. Del total de artículos analizados 58% abordaron los beneficios en el método canguro para el recién nacido, el 16% discutieron los beneficios para la relación madre y recién nacido y 16 % Analizaron los beneficios del método para la institución. Conclusión: Se puede percibir que el Método Canguru trae beneficios para institución, madre y recién nacido. Se destaca la necesidad de nuevos estudios que evalúen otros beneficios del método canguro como patrón de cuidados a fin de expandir esa tecnología en salud que va más allá de las necesidades fisiológicas

Caracterización del Programa Familia Canguro / Characterization of the Program Family Kangaroo / Caracterização do Programa Família Canguru

Introducción: el Método Madre Canguro (MMC) es una alternativa de cuidado neonatal para el recién nacido pretérmino o de bajo peso al nacer. Se realiza ambulatoriamente basado en el contacto piel a piel entre cuidador y recién nacido, junto con la implementación de lactancia materna exclusiva, medidas esenciales para mejorar la calidad de vida de dicha población. Objetivo: determinar las características sociodemográficas y clínicas de la población perteneciente al Programa Familia Canguro en un hospital de alta complejidad de la Ciudad de Medellín (Colombia) durante el periodo 2015-2016. Método: estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo. Se incluyeron neonatos prematuros y de bajo peso al nacer pertenecientes al Programa Familia Canguro entre 2015 y 2016. Se excluyeron pacientes con enfermedades congénitas o cuyas madres no podían dar lactancia materna por fallecimiento o cualquier condición que las incapacitara para ello. Resultados: la edad materna promedio fue de 26 años, y el 47 % eran amas de casa; la enfermedad más común durante el embarazo fue la preeclampsia. La gran mayoría de los bebés canguro eran del sexo masculino (51,1 %), con un peso promedio al nacer de 2195; el 60 % de los niños tenía lactancia materna exclusiva al ingreso del programa, y un porcentaje menos amplio (34 %) complementaba la lactancia con leche de fórmula. Conclusiones: la población perteneciente al Programa Familia Canguro demostró tener características sociodemográficas similares a las reportadas en otras investigaciones; sin embargo, se presentaron estrategias de salud pública particulares para responder a las necesidades de esta población.

Introduction: The Mother Kangaroo Method (MKM) is a neonatal care alternative for low-weight newborn or preterm babies. It is an outpatient method based on the direct skin contact between the caregiver and the newborn baby. It includes nurturing the baby only by breastfeeding, and some essential measures to improve the baby quality of life. Objective: To determine the clinical and sociodemographic characteristics of the population included in the program Family Kangaroo at a high-complexity hospital in Medellín (Colombia) during 2015- 2016. Method: It is a retrospective descriptive study including both low-weight newborn and preterm babies treated in the program Family Kangaroo during 2015 and 2016. Patients with congenital diseases, dead mothers or mothers unable to breastfeed mothers were excluded. Results: The average mother age was 26 years and 47% of them were housewives. The most frequently found disease in the pregnancy was the preeclampsia. Most of the babies Kangaroo were males (51.1 %), with an average weight at birth of 2195 grams. Sixty percent of them were nurtured only by breastfeeding when they entered in the program and 34% received formula as a supplementary feeding. Conclusions: The population included in the program Family Kangaroo had sociodemographic characteristics similar to those reported in other researches. However they provided specific public health strategies in response to the needs in this population.

Introdução: O Método Mae Canguru (MMC) é uma alternativa aos cuidados neonatais ao recém- nascido prematuro ou de baixo peso ao nascer. É realizado em nível ambulatorial baseado no contato pele a pele entre cuidador e recém-nascido, juntamente com a implementação do aleitamento materno exclusivo, medidas essenciais para melhorar a qualidade de vida de essa população. Objetivo: Determinar as características sociodemográficas e clínicas da população pertencente ao Programa Família Canguru em um hospital de alta complexidade da cidade de Medellín (Colômbia) durante o período 2015- 2016. Método: Estudo descritivo, retrospectivo. Incluíram-se neonatos prematuros e de baixo peso ao nascer pertencentes ao Programa Família Canguru entre 2015 e 2016. Excluíram-se pacientes com doenças congénitas ou com mães que não podiam aleitar por morte ou qualquer condição que as incapacitasse para isso. Resultados: A idade materna média foi 26 anos e 47% foram donas de casa; a doença mais comum durante a gravidez foi pré-eclâmpsia. A grande maioria de crianças canguru foi do sexo masculino (51,1 %), com peso médio ao nascer de 2195; 60% das crianças teve aleitamento materno exclusivo na admissão ao programa, e uma percentagem menos amplo de 34% complementou a aleitação com leite em pó. Conclusões: A população pertencente ao Programa Família Canguru mostrou características sociodemográficas semelhantes às relatadas em outras pesquisas; no entanto, apresentaram-se estratégias de saúde pública particulares para responder às necessidades dessa população.

Factores de riesgo del bajo peso al nacer. Policlínico Universitario José Jacinto Milanés. 2013-2014 / Low weight risk factors at birth. University Policlinic José Jacinto Milanes. 2013-2014

Introducción: el bajo peso al nacer en los niños, continúa siendo un problema de salud y se considera que la mortalidad durante el primer año de vida es 40 veces mayor en ellos, que en los que nacen con peso normal a término. Objetivo: describir los factores de riesgo del bajo peso al nacer en el Policlínico Universitario José Jacinto Milanés en el período 2013-2014. Materiales y Métodos: teniendo en cuenta la repercusión biopsicosocial del bajo peso al nacer, se realizó una investigación descriptiva, transversal, acerca de los factores de riesgo que influyeron en que estas gestantes del policlínico José Jacinto Milanés de Matanzas, en el período 2013- 2014, aportaran este indicador; para ello se recogieron los datos del Departamento de Estadísticas de dicho policlínico, las Historias Clínicas Individuales y los carnets obstétricos de las gestantes. Resultados: las gestantes con edades comprendidas entre 25 y 29 años constituyeron el mayor porciento con 35.2; la multiparidad representó el 52.9%; la presencia de sepsis cérvico-vaginal estuvo presente en el 58.8% de las gestantes con recién nacidos bajo peso. De de las enfermedades maternas, el asma bronquial, la aparición de placenta previa y la preeclampsia representaron el 14.7%. Conclusiones: en el estudio los autores encontraron como factores de riesgo más frecuentes causantes de bajo peso al nacer, el grupo etario de 25 y 29 años, las mujeres multíparas, la sepsis vaginal en la gestante, el coito desprotegido y la anemia durante la gestación, la preeclampsia, la placenta previa y el asma bronquial (AU).

Introduction: Low weight at birth in children is still being a health problem and it is considered that mortality in the first year of life is 40 times higher in these children than in children born full term with normal weight. Objective: to describe the low weight risk factors at birth in the University Policlinic "José Jacinto Milanes" in the period 2013-2014. Materials and methods: taking into account the biopsychosocial repercussion of low weight at birth, a cross sectional, descriptive research was carried out, on the risk factors influencing the contribution of the pregnant women belonging to the Policlinic "Jose Jacinto Milanes" of Matanzas to this indicator in the period 2013-2014. Data were gathered in the Department of Statistics of the policlinic, the individual clinical records and the pregnant women´s obstetric carnets. Results: pregnant women aged 25-29 years old were the highest percent with 35.2 %; multiparity represented 52.9 %. Cervical vaginal sepsis was present in 58.8 % of the pregnant women with low birth newborns; bronchial asthma, placenta previa and preeclampsia were 14.7 % of the maternal diseases. Conclusions: the authors of the study found that the most frequent risk factors causing low weight at birth were being in the 25-29 age group, multipara women, the presence of vaginal sepsis in pregnant women, having unprotected coitus and anemia during pregnancy, preeclampsia, placenta previa and bronchial asthma (AU).